Category Archives: Tute sheet

1. Zinc reacts spontaneously with the silver ion:

Zn­_(s) + 2Ag⁺_(aq) →  Zn²⁺_(aq) + 2Ag_(s)

Describe a voltaic cell using this reaction. What are the half reactions?

2. Consider the cell :

Cd_(s)|Cd²⁺_(aq)||Ni²⁺_(aq)|Ni_(s)

Write the half cell reactions and the overall cell reaction. Make a sketch of this cell and label it. Include labels showing the anode, cathode, and direction of the electron flow.

3.

Standard reduction potentials are 2.9 V for F2/F-, 0.8 V for Ag+/Ag, 0.5 V for Cu+/Cu, 0.3 V for Cu2+/Cu, -0.4 V for Fe2+/Fe, -2.7 V for Na+/Na, and -2.9 V for K+/K.

a. Arrange the oxidising agents in order of increasing strength.

b. Which of these oxidising agents will oxidize Cu under standard state conditions?

Give the major product (or products) that would be obtained when each of the following compounds is reacted with Cl₂ and AlCl₃:

• Ethylbenzene
• Nitrobenzene
• Chlorobenzene
• Benzoic acid

Starting with benzene, outline a synthesis of each of the following:

• Isopropylbenzene
• Nitrobenzene
• Tert-butylbenzene
• m-dinitrobenzene
•  m-bromonitrobenzene
• p-bromonitrobenzene

Show the mechanisms for the following:

• Addition of HBr to ethanal
• Substitution of HBr and acetyl chloride (CH₃COCl)
• Why is a) an addition and b) a substitution?

1.  What is Markovnikov’s law? Why do reactions proceed according to it?
2. Give the product (or products) that you would expect to be formed in each of the following reactions. In each case, give the mechanism, (Sn1, Sn2, E1 or E2) by which the product is formed and predict the relative amount of each.
   1. CH₃CH₂CH₂Br + CH₃O^– →
   2. CH₃CH₂CH₂Br + (CH₃)₃CO^– →
   3. 
   4. (CH₃CH₂)₃CBr + OH^-→